Content
The benefits of waves have not yet been fully studied. In some countries, they are considered a delicacy, while in others they are classified as inedible mushrooms. Lovers appreciate the waves for their unique, bright taste and rich composition. They contain various vitamins, elements, amino acids that are necessary for the human body. But before cooking, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for their collection, storage and processing.
Description and types of waves
Volnushki belong to the family of russula mushrooms, genus Millechnik. They are also known under the names Krasul, Volzhanka, Volzhanka. Mycologists distinguish several types of waves:
- pink;
- white;
- swamp.
The name is directly related to the color of the hat. In terms of benefits and taste, experts advise paying attention to the first 2 types.
In young mushrooms, the cap is convex, but over time it becomes flatter, an umbilical depression forms inside, and the edges curl down. In pink varieties, it reaches 4-12 cm in diameter, and 4-8 cm in white varieties. In the lower part of the caps, frequent whitish or pinkish plates are visible, they descend along the legs of the mushrooms. The skin of the waves is covered with thick and rough villi. They grow on the surface in nerve circles.
The legs of the waves are strong, solid. Over time, they turn from solid to hollow. The height of the legs varies from 3 to 6 cm, and the width is from 1 to 2 cm. They taper towards the base.
The mushroom pulp is dense in structure, when cut, it does not change color, does not darken, remains white. The milky juice that is secreted is pungent in taste. It can be white or yellowish.
The composition and calorie content of waves
Mushrooms of the genus lactic acid can be classified as dietary products. 100 g of waves contain:
- 22 kcal;
- 3.09 g protein;
- 3.26 g carbohydrates;
- 0.34 g fat.
You can evaluate the benefits of waves for the human body, knowing what elements are part of these mushrooms. They contain:
- magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, copper;
- vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B5, B9;
- essential amino acids.
The amount of useful elements and the calorie content of the cooked waves may vary depending on the chosen method of culinary processing. For example, when frying, stewing in sour cream sauce, the nutritional value increases.
What are the benefits of mushrooms for humans
Due to the inclusion of vitamins and minerals in Volzhanok, their use has a positive effect on health. But volushka mushrooms can bring both benefits and harm to health. They are conditionally edible mushrooms.
With proper processing and the absence of contraindications to use, there should be no harm, waves are useful for the body. The substances that make up these mushrooms have the following effect:
- anti-inflammatory;
- pain reliever;
- antibacterial;
- restorative;
- fortifying.
When adding waves to the diet, people may notice:
- reduction of pain in rheumatism and other diseases of bones, joints;
- acceleration of recovery from bacterial infections, provided that adequate antibiotic therapy is carried out;
- quick recovery of the body after illness, surgery, intense mental and physical stress;
- improving the condition of nails, hair, skin;
- increased visual acuity;
- strengthening the body's defenses.
In the absence of digestive problems, the waves are well absorbed. They saturate the body with protein.
Is it possible to get poisoned by waves
Despite the fact that in Russia and Finland the waves are considered conditionally edible, in some European countries they are classified as poisonous mushrooms. There will be no benefit from improperly cooked Volzhanki, they can only be poisoned. According to some Western mycologists, they have a toxic effect on the body.
If improperly processed, the waves will have a bitter taste. Mycologists recommend soaking them for 2-3 days in cold salted water with the addition of citric acid. For the entire time, it should be changed at least 7-8 times.
You can avoid negative effects if you properly process the waves. It will be useful if they are soaked and boiled before cooking. The first water should be drained after 5-10 minutes of boiling. It will be possible to make homemade preparations from volzhanoks after re-boiling them in clean water.
It is possible to reduce the risks associated with the use of forest mushrooms by first assessing their quality. To do this, you need to know where the waves were collected. These plants absorb all the harmful substances from the soil and air like sponges. Eating waves that grow along busy highways, near enterprises with harmful elections, can cause intoxication with heavy metal salts. Regular intake of these substances into the body can lead to a deterioration in the state of immunity and an increase in the risk of developing cancer.
Contraindications to use
Before including the waves in the diet, you should make sure that there are no contraindications. They will not be useful if a person has:
- pancreatitis;
- cholecystitis;
- exacerbation of other diseases of the stomach, intestines.
Contraindications also include age up to 7 years and the period of pregnancy, lactation. Doctors do not recommend using waves for people who have had their gallbladder removed. There will be no health benefits for these diseases.
Any mushrooms load the enzymatic system, so they can provoke an exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases. When you include them in the menu in large quantities, the metabolism changes. Even healthy people are recommended to use them no more than 2-3 times a week. Fungal fiber (chitin) is a heavy food for the intestines.
Doctors recommend caution for people prone to allergies. Many forest mushrooms can lead to hypersensitivity reactions. If a person has previously encountered an allergy to other types of mushrooms, then it is better to refuse to use Volzhanok.
How to choose and store
In the opinion of professional mushroom pickers, the best are young waves. You can distinguish them by a flat flat cap, there may be a small depression inside. Their milky juice is not as pungent and acrid as that of older individuals. The taste of young crabs is more pleasant.
When collecting or purchasing, you should pay attention to the structure and color of the products. Whole mushrooms with a uniform color should be chosen. The edges of the caps should be shaggy, woolly to the touch. It is necessary to select those mushrooms in which the plates are white, located tightly. They should be interspersed with intermediate membranes.
The benefits of the prepared waves will be if you start to process them immediately after collection. Long-term storage is not recommended. If necessary, they can be left in the refrigerator for 1-2 days in a paper bag. Better to wrap each wave separately with a damp cloth or towel. This will keep them fresh longer.
If longer storage is planned, then the waves can be frozen. Recommended temperature - no more than –18 ° С. With a more intense freezing, the beneficial properties of volushkum mushrooms are reduced. But even if these conditions are met, it is advisable to store them for no more than 6 months. The longer the period of stay in the freezer, the less nutrients are stored in the lupus.
It is better to store fresh mushrooms in the refrigerator than dishes made from them. The benefits will be maximized if they are eaten immediately after cooking. The maximum permissible shelf life at a temperature not higher than +4 ° C is a day. An exception is made only for pickled and salted waves. Their shelf life depends on the preparation method and can be up to 2 years.
Conclusion
The benefits of wafers can be appreciated only by those people who know all the rules for their selection, pretreatment and preparation. They are conditionally edible mushrooms. Fresh Volzhankas can trigger digestive problems. But after prolonged soaking, they become edible.
